climbing shoes
The bottom of your climbing shoe is usually just rubber. You can take a damp cloth and just scrub what ever is on it off, usually everything comes off. If not, you can try more aggressive things such has household cleaning products, or brushes to break down what ever is on the shoe.
The two loops are meant to help you pull your shoe over your heel. Sometimes it can be quite difficult to pull the shoe over your heel, especially for those who choose to downsize their climbing shoes, and having just one loop may just make it difficult to pull it over your heel, and could also shorten the lifespan of the loop since it alone will have all of the pulling tension. Eventually, it can tear.
Adding another loop allows the tension to be more spread out, rather than all of the tension being in one point. It also allows more area of the shoe's heel to be pulled, which helps make pulling the shoe over your heel easier.
Rock climbing is possible in sneakers, and even barefoot for that matter, but it is highly recommended to climb in climbing shoes as they will provide a better base for standing on small climbing holds, and give you better stability and grip on the wall.
Sneaker tend to have very soft rubber for their sole, and a generally inefficient shape and size when it comes to climbing. Due to this, trying to stand on small foot holds may be impossible since sneakers have such a large and soft sole, your feet would just slide right off of them.
Climbing shoes on the other hand have much harder rubber, the shoes are much tighter, and they are much less bulky. They are very thin in comparison to sneakers. All of these attributes, plus their shape, give climbers the best performance possible when it comes to feet work.
In climbing shoes, you can actually feel what you are standing on, this allows you to trust your feet much more than sneakers, which is something that for many is very difficult, but crucial.
You can walk in climbing shoes, it is just not recommended. Climbing shoes are not meant for walking, they are meant for climbing. Walking in them can just wear the shoes out quicker. Not to mention that they are also pretty painful to just walk in.
A lot of climbers like to walk in new climbing shoes to help stretch them out and break them in, so that could be an exception to the above. After those shoes have stretched, though, it would just be wearing them out quicker.
When you start to see a hole in them, and before the hole goes through the fabric of the shoe, otherwise it will just cost more to get them resoled and to fix the hole in the fabric rather than just resoling them.
The most common place for holes is in the front tip of the shoes, where your toes are. This is usually due to either poor footwork, or just the lifespan of the rubber on the shoes. Softer shoes with soft rubber tend to wear out faster. Once you start to see a hole, you may have a few more sessions left before the hole really becomes bigger. Waiting too long though can just cause the hole to expand and eventually there will be a hole in the actual fabric of the shoe, which usually is also fixable, but just costs more.
Climbers take their shoes off to reduce the pressure on their feet. This helps them reduce pain and prolong their session.
Climbing shoes are usually very tight, and, after wearing them for a while and climbing a few routes, they can get pretty painful. Taking them off in between routes allows the climber to reduce that pain and pressure from the feet.
This is more common in climbers who downsize their shoes, which means that they take a few sizes smaller than their actual street shoe size.
Aggressive climbing shoes are shoes with a downward curve, many times also with a twist towards the big toe.
This downward curve allows the climber to exert maximum power through their toes, allowing them to have more force and stability, and to be able to stand easier on bad foot holds.
Aggressive climbing shoes are also the popular choice for bouldering, since they tend to be less comfortable than neutral or flat shoes, which mean that climbing in them for a longer period of time could be quite painful, which makes them less popular for sport climbing. They are also a great choice for overhanging climbing as they tend to excel at gripping holds, allowing the climber to keep their body closer to the wall and to keep their feet on the holds.
Eventually, as the shoe is used more and more, the curve loses its shape, and the shoe become straighter.
Climbing shoes are meant to be as tight around the feet as possible. This insures that the feet will not slip inside the climbing shoes, giving the climbers a much better grip and control while climbing and standing on difficult foot holds, and while performing difficult moves such as pulling their body weight with their heels.
Wearing socks can hinder this tightness around the foot by creating an extra layer between the foot and the shoe. This can cause the foot to move slightly inside the shoe, which can reduce the climbers performance by reducing the efficiency of the shoe. The efficiency is reduced because climbing shoes must be as stable as possible on the climbers feet, meaning, if the feet move around inside the shoe, the climber may not be able to exert the required force they need, such as when pulling your weight on your heel. If the climbing shoes are not tight enough, the heel could move inside the shoe, and even come out.
While the climbing shoe should be as tight as possible, this does not mean that they must be painful. There is a limit to how tight a climbing shoe can be without it causing pain. It is important for everyone to try out different climbing shoes and different sizes to find the shoe and size that fits their feet the best.
Your toes should be slightly curled in climbing shoes. This gives you extra power and accuracy when standing on your toes on small edges. It also allows you to be more precise with your footwork by being able to stably place your foot on holds and in positions that would normally be much more difficult.
Having curled toes also helps you feel the holds better so that you are better able to trust your feet on poor foot holds.
The amount at which your toes should be curled though depends on the climbing shoe, and on your comfort/pain level. Just like the climbing shoes themselves, your toes should not be in pain and should not be painfully curled down. For many shoes, the curl will be a very slight curl where the tips of your toes are slightly pointed downwards instead of straight forward. In other shoes, the curl may be more aggressive, with the tips of your toes pointing directly down.
Climbing shoes are important because they give you the much-needed friction on the wall and on the climbing holds. Their main benefit is the performance boost they can give you.
Climbing requires a lot of precise footwork. This precise footwork cannot be done with regular sneakers or sport shoes. Climbing shoes are designed specifically for climbing, whether it's the material the shoe is made of, or the shape of the shoe, it is all calculated and designed to give the climber the best performance possible while climbing.
While shoes are not a substitute for proper technique, body positioning, and the understanding of your body on the wall, climbing shoes give you that extra stability and variety when it comes to moving on the wall that cannot be replicated with any other shoe. This comes into play with toe hooks and catches, heel hooks and general heel usage such as pulling on the heel, standing on tiny edges, and slopers.